Ford Explorer: Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS) / Diagnosis and Testing - Engine Cooling
Special Tool(s)
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Coolant/Battery Refractometer ROB75240 or equivalent |
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D-Gas Adapter 300-OTC014-R1068 or equivalent |
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Radiator Tester 014-R1072 or equivalent |
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UView® Combustion Leak Tester UVU560000-R |
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Chart
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WARNING:
Before beginning any service procedure in this section,
refer to Safety Warnings in section 100-00 General Information. Failure
to follow this instruction may result in serious personal injury.
NOTICE: Use the correct coolant. Do not mix coolant types. Mixing coolant types may degrade the coolant corrosion protection and may damage the engine or cooling system. For the correct coolant specified for this vehicle, refer to specifications.
REFER to: Health and Safety Precautions (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation).
Diagnostics in this manual assume a certain skill level and knowledge of Ford-specific diagnostic practices.
REFER to: Diagnostic Methods (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation).
Diagnostic Trouble Code Chart
| Module | DTC | Description | Action |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCM | P0125:00 | Insufficient Coolant Temp For Closed Loop Fuel Control: No Sub Type Information | GO to Pinpoint Test C |
| PCM | P0128:00 | Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temp Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature): No Sub Type Information | GO to Pinpoint Test C |
| PCM | P0217:00 | Engine Coolant Overtemperature Condition: No Sub Type Information | GO to Pinpoint Test B |
| PCM | P1299:00 | Cylinder Head Overtemperature Protection Active: No Sub Type Information | GO to Pinpoint Test B |
Inspection and Verification
NOTICE: Always fill the cooling system with the manufacturer's specified coolant. Chemically flush the cooling system if a non-specified coolant has been used. Failure to follow these instructions may damage the engine or cooling system.
NOTE: During normal vehicle operation, coolant can change color. As long as the engine coolant is clear and uncontaminated, this color change does not indicate the engine coolant has degraded nor does it require the engine coolant to be drained, the system to be flushed, or the engine coolant to be replaced.
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Verify the customer concern.
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Visually check the engine coolant level at the degas bottle when the system is cold.
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Make sure the pressure relief cap is installed correctly.
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Record any cooling system Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) retrieved. Refer to the PCM
DTC chart in this section for DTC descriptions.
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NOTE: Take note of any coolant odor or steam coming from cooling system components.
If the system coolant is filled correctly and no Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) associated with fail-safe cooling are retrieved, verify the customer concern by operating the engine to duplicate the condition.
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Visually inspect for obvious signs of any mechanical or electrical damage.
Visual Inspection Chart
| Mechanical | Electrical |
|---|---|
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If the inspection reveals an obvious concern that can be readily identified, repair it as necessary.
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Inspect the coolant condition.
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Inspect the coolant color.
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A darker color with the presence of debris could
indicate a commercially available stop leak may have been used and could
result in loss of coolant flow to critical parts of the engine. If
sediment is present, flush the system and refill with the correct
mixture of distilled water and the appropriate concentrated
antifreeze/coolant.
REFER to: Engine Cooling System Flushing (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), General Procedures).
REFER to: Specifications (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), Specifications).
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A light or reddish brown color indicates that rust
may be present in the cooling system. Flush the system and refill with
the correct mixture of distilled water and the appropriate concentrated
antifreeze/coolant.
REFER to: Engine Cooling System Flushing (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), General Procedures).
REFER to: Specifications (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), Specifications).
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An iridescent sheen on top of the coolant could
indicate a trace of oil is entering the system. For engine diagnosis,
REFER to: Engine (303-00 Engine System - General Information, Diagnosis and Testing).
Flush the system and refill with the correct mixture of distilled water and the appropriate concentrated antifreeze/coolant.REFER to: Engine Cooling System Flushing (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), General Procedures).
REFER to: Specifications (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), Specifications).
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A milky brown color may indicate that engine oil is
entering the cooling system. Pressure test the cooling system. Refer to
component tests in this section. If engine oil is suspected, the cause
of the leak may be internal to the engine. For engine diagnosis,
REFER to: Engine (303-00 Engine System - General Information, Diagnosis and Testing).
Flush the system and refill with the correct mixture of distilled water and the appropriate concentrated antifreeze/coolant.REFER to: Engine Cooling System Flushing (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), General Procedures).
REFER to: Specifications (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), Specifications).
-
A darker color with the presence of debris could
indicate a commercially available stop leak may have been used and could
result in loss of coolant flow to critical parts of the engine. If
sediment is present, flush the system and refill with the correct
mixture of distilled water and the appropriate concentrated
antifreeze/coolant.
-
If the engine coolant appearance is acceptable, test the
engine coolant freezing point range with the Coolant/Battery
Refractometer. Maintain the coolant concentration.
REFER to: Specifications (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), Specifications).
WARNING:
Always allow the engine to cool before opening the
cooling system. Do not unscrew the coolant pressure relief cap when the
engine is operating or the cooling system is hot. The cooling system is
under pressure; steam and hot liquid can come out forcefully when the
cap is loosened slightly. Failure to follow these instructions may
result in serious personal injury.
-
Adjust coolant range and level if necessary:
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If coolant is low, add specified coolant mixture only.
-
If the engine coolant tests too weak, remove some of
the engine coolant and add the appropriate concentrated
antifreeze/coolant until the readings are within acceptable levels.
REFER to: Specifications (303-03A Engine Cooling - 2.3L EcoBoost (201kW/273PS), Specifications).
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If the engine coolant tests strong, remove some of
the engine coolant and add distilled water until the readings are within
acceptable levels.
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If coolant is low, add specified coolant mixture only.
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Inspect the coolant color.
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If an obvious cause for an observed or reported concern is
found, correct the cause and test the system for normal operation before
proceeding to the next step.
Symptom Chart
Diagnostics in this manual assume a certain skill level and knowledge of Ford-specific diagnostic practices.
REFER to: Diagnostic Methods (100-00 General Information, Description and Operation).
| Condition | Possible Sources | Actions |
| Loss of coolant | Refer to the Pinpoint Test | GO to Pinpoint Test A |
| The engine overheats. | Refer to the Pinpoint Test | GO to Pinpoint Test B |
| The engine does not reach normal operating temperature. | Refer to the Pinpoint Test | GO to Pinpoint Test C |
| The block heater does not operate correctly. |
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| The electric cooling fan is inoperative in one or more speeds or does not operate correctly. |
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Refer to Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED) manual. |
| The electric cooling fan stays on all the time. |
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Refer to Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis (PC/ED) manual. |
| Noisy electric cooling fan operation. |
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Pinpoint Tests
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PINPOINT TEST A : LOSS OF COOLANT.jpg){kind=icon}
PINPOINT TEST A : LOSS OF COOLANT|
Normal Operation and Fault Conditions The engine cooling system is a closed system providing for coolant expansion and contraction as well as changes in pressure as coolant warms and cools with engine operation. Various gaskets, seals, hoses and clamps contain coolant within the cooling system and keep other fluids and contaminants from entering the cooling system. Possible Sources
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WARNING:
Always allow the engine to cool before opening the
cooling system. Do not unscrew the coolant pressure relief cap when the
engine is operating or the cooling system is hot. The cooling system is
under pressure; steam and hot liquid can come out forcefully when the
cap is loosened slightly. Failure to follow these instructions may
result in serious personal injury.
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| A1 CARRY OUT INSPECTION AND VERIFICATION | ||||
Are any concerns present?
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| A2 CHECK THE ENGINE COOLANT LEVEL AND PRESSURE TEST THE ENGINE COOLING SYSTEM | ||||
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NOTE: Allow the engine to cool before checking the engine coolant level.
Does the engine cooling system leak externally?
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| A3 CHECK THE ENGINE COOLANT FOR AN INTERNAL LEAK | ||||
Is engine oil evident in the engine coolant?
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| A4 CHECK THE ENGINE OIL FOR COOLANT | ||||
Is coolant evident in the oil?
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| A5 CHECK THE ENGINE COOLANT FOR TRANSMISSION FLUID | ||||
Is transmission fluid evident in the engine coolant?
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| A6 CHECK THE TRANSMISSION FLUID FOR ENGINE COOLANT | ||||
Is engine coolant evident in the transmission fluid?
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| A7 CHECK THE COOLING SYSTEM FOR COMBUSTION GASES | ||||
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NOTE: Use UView® Combustion Leak Tester part number UVU560000-R or equivalent.
Are combustion gases present?
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PINPOINT TEST B : THE ENGINE OVERHEATS|
Normal Operation and Fault Conditions The engine cooling system maintains the engine temperature during operation. Correct coolant flow through the engine, radiator and remainder of cooling system passages and components is essential to maintaining a correct engine temperature. Engine coolant flows primarily from the engine to the radiator circuit and back to the coolant pump. Coolant is sent from the coolant pump through the engine block and cylinder heads. A separate circuit from the engine also feeds the heater core with coolant. The coolant pump circulates the coolant. The coolant thermostat is a control valve actuated by coolant temperature. When the thermostat is closed, coolant flow bypasses the radiator circuit and returns to the coolant pump. When the thermostat is opened, coolant flows through the radiator circuit to transfer engine-generated heat to the outside air. Engine overheating generally occurs when there is a disruption in the ability to control either coolant flow at the correct rate, the inability to transfer heat from the engine through the coolant (including low coolant) or an inability to transfer engine-generated heat to the outside air through the radiator. DTC Fault Trigger Conditions
Possible Sources
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| B1 CARRY OUT INSPECTION AND VERIFICATION | |||||||||
Are any concerns present?
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| B2 CHECK FOR PCM (POWERTRAIN CONTROL MODULE) DTCS | |||||||||
Is DTC P0217 and/or P1299 present?
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| B3 CHECK FOR ACTIVE GRILL SHUTTER DTCS | |||||||||
Are any active grill shutter DTCs present?
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| B4 CHECK FOR AN AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION AND MISSING AIR DEFLECTORS | |||||||||
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NOTE: Verify no vehicle front end damage is present.
Is an airflow obstruction present or air deflectors missing?
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| B5 CHECK THE ENGINE COOLANT LEVEL AND PRESSURE TEST THE COOLING SYSTEM | |||||||||
Does the engine cooling system leak externally?
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| B6 CHECK THE ENGINE COOLANT FOR AN INTERNAL LEAK | |||||||||
Is engine oil evident in the coolant?
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| B7 CHECK THE ENGINE OIL FOR COOLANT | |||||||||
Is coolant evident in the oil?
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| B8 CHECK THE ENGINE COOLANT FOR TRANSMISSION FLUID | |||||||||
Is transmission fluid evident in the engine coolant?
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| B9 CHECK THE TRANSMISSION FLUID FOR ENGINE COOLANT | |||||||||
Is engine coolant evident in the transmission fluid?
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| B10 CHECK THE COOLING SYSTEM FOR COMBUSTION GASES | |||||||||
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NOTE: Use UView® Combustion Leak Tester part number UVU560000-R or equivalent.
Are combustion gases present?
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| B11 CHECK COOLANT CONDITION | |||||||||
Is the coolant condition OK?
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| B12 CHECK THE ELECTRIC COOLING FAN OPERATION | |||||||||
Did the electric cooling fan operate?
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| B13 CHECK THE COOLANT PUMP OPERATION | |||||||||
Is the heater outlet hose hot?
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| B14 CHECK THE THERMOSTAT OPERATION | |||||||||
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NOTE: This cooling system uses a cold side thermostat. The coolant in the radiator must reach full operating temperature for the thermostat to remain in an open state.
Is the lower radiator hose hot?
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| B15 VISUALLY INSPECT THE THERMOSTAT | |||||||||
Is the thermostat damaged?
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PINPOINT TEST C : THE ENGINE DOES NOT REACH NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE|
Normal Operation and Fault Conditions The engine cooling system maintains engine temperature during operation. Correct coolant flow through the engine, radiator and remainder of cooling system passages and components is essential to maintaining a correct engine temperature. Engine coolant flows primarily from the engine to the radiator circuit and back to the coolant pump. Coolant is sent from the coolant pump through the engine block and cylinder head. A separate circuit from the engine also feeds the heater core with coolant. The coolant pump circulates the coolant. The coolant thermostat is a control valve actuated by coolant temperature. When the thermostat is closed, coolant flow bypasses the radiator circuit and returns to the coolant pump. When the thermostat is opened, coolant flows through the radiator circuit in order to transfer engine generated heat to the outside air. Concerns of engine inability to reach normal operating temperature typically occur when the rate of coolant flow through some coolant circuits (radiator, heater core) is more than expected given the conditions. Heat is not allowed to build in the engine because a heat exchanger is removing too much heat, including the radiator, heater core and oil cooler. In addition, perceived concerns that the engine does not reach normal operating temperature can be related to a low coolant level or trapped air which does not allow for hot coolant to be available at the heater core, an inoperative climate control system, or for concerns perceived or related to an incorrect engine temperature gauge indication. DTC Fault Trigger Conditions
Possible Sources
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WARNING:
Always allow the engine to cool before opening the
cooling system. Do not unscrew the coolant pressure relief cap when the
engine is operating or the cooling system is hot. The cooling system is
under pressure; steam and hot liquid can come out forcefully when the
cap is loosened slightly. Failure to follow these instructions may
result in serious personal injury.
|
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| C1 CARRY OUT INSPECTION AND VERIFICATION | |||||||||
Were any concerns found?
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| C2 CHECK FOR DTC P0125 OR P0128 | |||||||||
Is DTC P0125 or P0128 present?
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| C3 CHECK THE COOLANT LEVEL | |||||||||
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NOTE: Allow the engine to cool before checking the coolant expansion tank.
Is the engine coolant level within specification?
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Component Tests
Cooling System Pressure Test
WARNING:
Always allow the engine to cool before opening the
cooling system. Do not unscrew the coolant pressure relief cap when the
engine is operating or the cooling system is hot. The cooling system is
under pressure; steam and hot liquid can come out forcefully when the
cap is loosened slightly. Failure to follow these instructions may
result in serious personal injury.
NOTE: Vehicles have a pressure relief cap on the degas bottle and no radiator cap.
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Turn the engine OFF.
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Check the engine coolant level and adjust as necessary.
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Attach the Pressure Tester to the degas bottle nipple
and overflow hose. Install a pressure test pump to the quick connect
fitting of the test adapter.
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NOTICE: Do not pressurize the cooling system beyond the maximum pressure listed in the Specifications table in this section or cooling system components may be damaged.
NOTE: If the plunger of the pressure tester is pressed too fast, an erroneous pressure reading results.
Slowly press the plunger of the pressure test pump until the pressure gauge reading stops increasing and note the highest pressure reading obtained. If the pressure reading exceeds the maximum cap pressure listed in the Specifications table, install a new pressure relief cap.
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If the system does not hold pressure, remove the
pressure relief cap and wash in clean water to dislodge all the foreign
material from the gasket. Check the sealing surface in the filler neck
of the degas bottle for nicks or cuts. Install the pressure relief cap.
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Pressurize the engine cooling system as described in
Step 4 above. Observe the gauge reading for approximately 2 minutes.
Pressure should not drop during this time. If the pressure drops within
this time, inspect for leaks and repair as necessary.
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If no leaks are found after a new pressure relief cap is
installed, and the pressure drops, the leak may be internal to the
engine. Inspect the coolant for engine oil and the engine oil for
coolant.
REFER to: Engine (303-00 Engine System - General Information, Diagnosis and Testing).
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Release the system pressure by loosening the pressure
relief cap. Check the coolant level and adjust as necessary.
Thermostat
Install a new thermostat only after at least one of the following tests and checks have been carried out:
- Pinpoint Test B or C
- Thermostat Visual Inspection
Thermostat Visual Inspection
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Remove the thermostat.
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Examine the thermostat for signs of damage including:
- Valve not fully seated (light visible through the valve)
- Foreign material lodged in the main valve
- Bent or broken frame or flange
- Bent or broken spring
- Wax leaking from wax reservoir or a bulge in the reservoir
- Any other damage or distortion
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NOTE: If no damage is found during the inspection, do not attempt to open the thermostat using hot water or other heat sources. This method is not an accurate means to test the function of the thermostat and may damage the thermostat.
If damage is found during the inspection, remove any foreign material or broken pieces and install a new thermostat.
Radiator Leak Test, Removed From Vehicle
NOTICE: Never leak test an aluminum radiator in the same water that copper/brass radiators are tested in. Flux and caustic cleaners may be present in the cleaning tank and they will damage aluminum radiators.
NOTE: Clean the radiator before leak testing to avoid contamination of tank.
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Leak test the radiator in clean water with air
pressurized to the maximum pressure listed in the Specifications table.
Description and Operation - Engine Cooling - System Operation and Component Description
System Operation
Engine coolant flows primarily from the engine to the radiator circuit
and back to the coolant pump. Coolant is sent from the coolant pump
through the engine block and cylind..
General Procedures - Engine Cooling System Draining, Vacuum Filling and Bleeding
Special Tool(s) /
General Equipment
ROB75240Coolant/Battery Refractometer (Fahrenheit)
Fluid Container
Cooling System Vacuum Tester and Refiller
Draining
NOTICE:
The coolant..
Other information:
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Locking and Unlocking
You can use the power door lock control or the remote control to lock and unlock your vehicle.
Power Door Locks
The power door lock control is on the driver and front passenger door panels.
